Our Family Tree (Jiapu 家譜/家谱)

The contestants were the Qing empire against a consortium of American and European powers. Again the Qing were defeated and lost port cities to the control of the western powers.

The bloodiest civil war in history with upwards to 70 million killed, between the Qing empire and a theocratic Christian based society. The Qing had to seek help from France and the United Kingdom. This weakened the central Qing government and saw the rise of warlords.

This conflict represented failure of the Qing dynasty's military modernization versus Imperial Japan Meiji Restoration's military advancement. The result was ceding of Taiwan and Korea to Japan.

An anti-foreigner rebellion of Chinese peasants and eventually the Qing empire against a consortium of western and Japanese troops.

2nd foreign dynasty to rule China—Unlike the Mongols however, the Manchu adopted Chinese dress and customs. However, they did force men to wear the queue. Neo-Confucianism was made the official doctrine, demanding loyalty to the emperor, but Chinese culture was preserved and Chinese were excluded only from the very senior court positions. Increasing European trade causedforeign powers divide China into spheres of influence. The Boxer uprising caused the downfall of this last dynasty. source

These started as conflicts between clans and sensationalized by American media as gang and turf urban warfare.

An official act legalizing discrimination against Chinese in the United States. Poster: 'Chinese Must Go'.